Michigan traditionally ranks in the top five states in terms of cement production. One of the largest cement plant in the state is in Alpena. Crushed stone Most crushed stone is limestone and dolomite. It is used mostly for construction purposes, although much of it is also used in shoreline protection. In construction, crushed stone is used as an aggregate in concrete mixes.
The stone binds the mix together when it hardens. All crushed stone in Michigan is mined in open quarries. Drilling and blasting are necessary. Crushing is done at the quarry. The crushed rock is screened. Most of the larger stone quarries are located near the shores of Lake Huron-Michigan, in the northern lower peninsula and the UP. Locations on the Great Lakes facilitate shipping of the stone, since it is a high weight low value commodity.
For many years the "fines", or waste rock for which no use was known, were dumped into Lake Huron. Now they are being recovered and used in the chemical industries and for agriculture.
This material has been compiled for educational use only, and may not be reproduced without permission. One copy may be printed for personal use. Please contact Randall Schaetzl soils msu. Source: Unknown Source: Unknown Compare the above maps to the map below, which shows where limestone is mined or excavated. Source: Unknown In the years following , new uses have not only resulted in the utilization of Michigan limestones on a gigantic scale, but also in a demand for limestones with special characteristics that meet the exacting specifications of the different types of use.
Source: Unknown Lime as opposed to limestone has long been a valuable commodity in Michigan, as the chart below shows: Source: Unknown The stones below were quarried for building stone, and then left behind.
Source: Unknown The electric stripping shovel below was used in the 's to remove the overburden, usually glacial deposits, from the stone before further excavation could begin. Source: Unknown Below, two carloads of limestone await transport to the rock crusher.
Source: Unknown This old photo provides a good example of a mine, located far from the lakes, which was opened early because it had high quality limestone and thin overburden, reducing quarrying costs.
Source: Unknown Below is a photo of a steam shovel loading limestone onto a railroad car. Source: Unknown Later on, the size of the excavating equipment grew and grew.
Source: Unknown The most economical way to move limestone long distances was by boat. This study investigates the existence and quantity of stone at the site and also the economic viability of the process.
Normally the existence of quarries in the vicinity is enough to advance with the quarry. If there is no quarries in the vicinity, the resource analysis is made by way of an in-depth geological study. If the site presents the desired conditions for quarrying, the next step is the licensing, a procedure which entails various environmental requisites. Depending on the surface's orientation, there are two way to begin extraction.
If the surface is horizontal, a first cavity is cut for the insertion of the saw and the consequential horizontal cut, allowing for extraction of larger blocks. Himalayan Earth Sci. Hayyat, M. He, Y. Evaluation of soil to water extract electrical conductivity methods. Geoderma 18, 12— Hester, R. Mining and its Environmental Impact. Letchworth: Royal Society of Chemistry, doi: Jim, C.
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Sand and gravel are used along with stone in construction work. As a result, millions of tonnes are being removed from sand and gravel deposits both on land — usually close to the urban areas where they are needed — and also from the sea bed.
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