Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Associations of omega-3 fatty acid supplement use with cardiovascular disease risks. Meta-analysis of 10 trials involving 77, individuals. JAMA Cardiology. AHRQ publication no. Fish oil-derived fatty acids in pregnancy and wheeze and asthma in offspring. New England Journal of Medicine. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. N-3 fatty acid supplementation for the treatment of dry eye disease.
Grey A, Bolland M. Clinical trial evidence and use of fish oil supplements. Role of omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of depressive disorders: a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. PLoS One. Accumulated evidence on fish consumption and coronary heart disease mortality: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplements eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
Archives of Internal Medicine. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis. Archives of Medical Research. Influence of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on immune function and a systematic review of their effects on clinical outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis.
British Journal of Nutrition. Office of Dietary Supplements. Office of Dietary Supplements website. A systematic review of omega-3 fatty acids and osteoporosis.
Querques G, Souied EH. The role of omega-3 and micronutrients in age-related macular degeneration. Survey of Ophthalmology. Association between omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and risk of major cardiovascular disease events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid EPA in clinical trials in depression. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. Omega 3 fatty acid for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia. Fish consumption and prostate cancer risk: a review and meta-analysis.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Other References. Omega 3 and 6 oils for primary prevention of allergic disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Dietary supplements for established atopic eczema. A randomized controlled trial of omega-3 fatty acids in dry eye syndrome.
International Journal of Ophthalmology. Use of complementary health approaches among children aged 4? National health statistics reports; no Bloch MH, Qawasmi A.
Omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia. Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory bowel diseases — a systematic review. Omega-3 fatty acids for intermittent claudication.
Long-term effect of high dose omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for secondary prevention of cardiovascular outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo controlled trials. Association between fish consumption, long chain omega 3 fatty acids, and risk of cerebrovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Relationship of dietary intake of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids with risk of prostate cancer development: a meta-analysis of prospective studies and review of literature. Prostate Cancer. Trends in the use of complementary health approaches among adults: United States, — The effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on emotional dysregulation, oppositional behaviour and conduct problems in ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Journal of Affective Disorders. Covington MB. Omega-3 fatty acids. American Family Physician. National Institutes of Health State-of-the-Science Conference statement: preventing Alzheimer disease and cognitive decline. Annals of Internal Medicine.
Fish oil for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis. Dennis CL, Dowswell T. Interventions other than pharmacological, psychosocial or psychological for treating antenatal depression. Dietary interventions for multiple sclerosis. Fusar-Poli P, Berger G. Eicosapentaenoic acid interventions in schizophrenia: meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled studies.
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. Harris WS. Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids PUFA for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Effectiveness of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Omega-3 fatty acids and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease—is it just a fish tale? Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation for autism spectrum disorders ASD. Do omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce risk of sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmias? A meta-analysis of randomized trials.
Omega 3 fatty acids and cardiovascular outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes. Liu A, Ji J. Omega-3 essential fatty acids therapy for dry eye syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Medical Science Monitor. Neurobiology of Aging. Results of studies on diets rich in seafood fish and shellfish and heart disease provide moderate evidence that people who eat seafood at least once a week are less likely to die of heart disease than those who rarely or never eat seafood.
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 3MB PDF includes a new recommendation that adults eat 8 or more ounces of a variety of seafood per week because it provides a range of nutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids.
Smaller amounts are recommended for young children, and there are special recommendations for pregnant or breastfeeding women. See Tip 4. One group analyzed only studies in people with a history of heart disease, and the other group analyzed studies in people both with and without a history of heart disease. Neither review found strong evidence of a protective effect of the supplements. A review of the scientific literature concluded that EPA and DHA, the types of omega-3s found in seafood and fish oil, may be modestly helpful in relieving symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.
In the studies included in the review, many of the participants reported that when they were taking fish oil they had briefer morning stiffness, less joint swelling and pain, and less need for anti-inflammatory drugs to control their symptoms. The nutritional value of seafood is of particular importance during fetal growth and development, as well as in early infancy and childhood. Cancer Causes Control. Effects of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on visual and cognitive development throughout childhood: a review of human studies.
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. Decline in fish consumption among pregnant women after a national mercury advisory. Obstet Gynecol. The contents of this website are for educational purposes and are not intended to offer personal medical advice.
You should seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. The Nutrition Source does not recommend or endorse any products. Skip to content The Nutrition Source. Harvard T. The Nutrition Source Menu. Search for:. Omega-3 fats are a key family of polyunsaturated fats. There are three main omega-3s: Eicosapentaenoic acid EPA and docosahexaenoic acid DHA come mainly from fish, so they are sometimes called marine omega-3s.
Alpha-linolenic acid ALA , the most common omega-3 fatty acid in most Western diets, is found in vegetable oils and nuts especially walnuts , flax seeds and flaxseed oil, leafy vegetables, and some animal fat, especially in grass-fed animals. Join us Nov. RT HarvardChanSPH : "One way for people to make healthier choices is for the institutions that provide free food to improve the nutritional….
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